Glaucoma is a serious eye disease that, if left untreated, can lead to blindness. According to reports, 11.9 million people in India suffer from this condition, making it responsible for 12.8% of blindness cases in the country. One of the biggest challenges with glaucoma is that it develops silently, and by the time symptoms appear, significant vision loss may have already occurred.
When is World Glaucoma Day Celebrated?
World Glaucoma Day is observed every year on March 12 to raise awareness about glaucoma and encourage early diagnosis and treatment. Glaucoma Week is also observed globally to educate people about the importance of eye health and regular check-ups.
Why Does Glaucoma Occur?
Glaucoma occurs when eye pressure increases, leading to damage to the optic nerve. This damage can eventually cause vision loss. The disease has different types, including:
- Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most common type, where vision loss happens gradually.
- Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Leads to sudden pain, burning sensation, and blurred vision.
- Neuropathy Glaucoma: Causes severe damage to the optic nerve, leading to permanent blindness.
- Congenital Glaucoma: Affects infants due to birth defects.
Symptoms of Glaucoma
- Blurred vision
- Difficulty seeing at night
- Eye pain or pressure
- Sudden vision loss
- Frequent headaches
Risk Factors
Glaucoma can be caused by:
- Genetic factors (family history)
- Aging
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Past eye injuries or infections
Can Glaucoma Be Prevented?
Glaucoma cannot be completely cured, but it can be controlled through:
- Regular eye check-ups (especially if there is a family history)
- Eye pressure monitoring
- Medications and laser treatments
- Surgery in severe cases
Takeaway
Since glaucoma progresses silently, early detection is crucial. Routine eye check-ups and awareness can help prevent severe vision loss. If you or a loved one experience any symptoms, consult an eye specialist immediately.
