What is Colibactin And How It Works: Colon cancer cases are steadily increasing. Let us tell you about the latest research and what has been revealed about its cause.

How do gut bacteria cause cancer?

How Gut Bacteria Cause Colon Cancer: Cancer cases are rapidly increasing worldwide. Now, American scientists have made a significant discovery that explains how certain gut bacteria can increase the risk of colon cancer. This study, published in the journal Science, clearly explains for the first time how these bacteria damage the body's DNA. Let us explain how you may be at risk for cancer.

How do bacteria cause harm?

In fact, certain bacteria in the gut produce a toxin called colibactin. This toxin is produced by a specific type of E. coli bacteria. These bacteria are normally part of our gut microbiome and aid in digestion, but in some situations, they can also prove harmful. Scientists already knew that colibactin can damage DNA and may be linked to colorectal cancer. However, studying this toxin was difficult because it is highly unstable and breaks down quickly.

What did the new study reveal?

In a new study, researchers studied this toxin in detail using modern techniques such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. They found that colibactin does not randomly modify DNA, but rather targets specific regions. This toxin affects areas of DNA where adenine and thymine are present in high amounts. Colibactin causes cross-links between the two strands of DNA, which scientists call "interstrand cross-links." This prevents DNA from being copied or repaired properly, which can lead to cancer.

Why is this research important?

The research also revealed that this toxin binds to a part of DNA called the minor groove. Its chemical structure allows it to fit precisely in place to cause maximum damage. Scientists have described this as a "lock-and-key" mechanism. This discovery is also important because it helps explain why similar DNA changes appear in colorectal cancer patients.

Preparing to develop tests

Experts believe that in the future, this information could lead to the development of tests that can identify harmful bacteria in the gut. Furthermore, treatments could be possible that prevent the formation of these toxins or eliminate them before they bind to DNA. Furthermore, balancing the gut microbiome through diet, probiotics, and other methods could also be used to reduce the risk.