Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Prostate cancer is usually found early, and it often grows slowly. Most people with prostate cancer are cured.
Prostate cancer is the growth of cells that begins in the prostate. The prostate is a small gland that helps make semen. It is found just below the bladder. The prostate is part of the male reproductive system. Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Prostate cancer is usually found early, and it often grows slowly. Most people with prostate cancer are cured.
Men with early prostate cancer often have several treatment options to consider. Knowing all the options and making a choice can feel overwhelming. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and more.
Symptoms of Prostate Cancer
The symptoms and signs of prostate cancer in the early stages look like this.
- Blood in the urine, which can cause the urine to appear pink, red, or cola-colored.
- Blood in semen.
- The need to urinate more often.
- Difficulty starting when trying to urinate.
- Waking up to urinate more often at night.
If prostate cancer spreads, other symptoms may occur. Prostate cancer that spreads to other parts of the body is called metastatic prostate cancer. It may also be called stage 4 prostate cancer or advanced prostate cancer.
The symptoms and signs of advanced prostate cancer are as follows.
- accidental leakage of urine
- Back Pain
- Bone pain
- Difficulty getting an erection, called erectile dysfunction.
- Feeling very tired.
- Lose weight without trying.
- weakness in the hands or feet
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Causes of Prostate Cancer
It is often not clear what causes prostate cancer. Doctors have found some things that increase the risk of this cancer. These include older age, obesity, and a family history of prostate cancer. The exact cause of prostate cancer is often not known.
Prostate cancer begins when changes occur in the DNA of cells in the prostate. A cell's DNA contains instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, DNA tells cells to grow and multiply at a certain rate. DNA also tells cells to die at a certain time.
In cancer cells, DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell cancer cells to grow and multiply quickly. Cancer cells can survive when healthy cells die. This leads to the formation of many more cells.
Cancer cells can form tumors. Tumors can grow to invade and destroy healthy body tissue. Over time, cancer cells can break off and spread to other parts of the body. When cancer spreads, it is called metastatic cancer.
Factors that increase the risk of prostate cancer
The risk of prostate cancer increases with age. It is most common after age 50.
If a blood relative, such as a parent or sibling, has been diagnosed with prostate cancer, your risk may increase.
Some DNA changes that increase the risk of cancer are passed from parents to children. DNA changes called BRCA1 and BRCA2 can cause a higher risk of prostate cancer. These DNA changes are known to increase the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
Obese men may have a higher risk of prostate cancer than people of a healthy weight. Prostate cancer in obese men is more likely to grow quickly and to come back after treatment.
People with prostate cancer who smoke may have a higher risk of the cancer coming back.
Prevention of Prostate Cancer
Choose a healthy diet: Eat fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Fruits and vegetables contain many vitamins and nutrients that can be good for your health. Foods associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer include tomatoes, broccoli, cauliflower, and soy.
Exercise: It is important to maintain a healthy weight. Exercise can also improve your overall health and your mood.
