What if we told you that a single strand of DNA has the power to miraculously shape our bodies? Sometimes, this complex process goes awry, giving rise to birth defects, also known as congenital anomalies. These defects can result in a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from subtle differences to more noticeable challenges.

What are congenital anomalies?

Congenital defect

Congenital anomalies are structural or functional abnormalities present at birth. These abnormalities affect approximately 2% to 4% of newborns. This can be as minor as polydactyly to major birth defects such as heart defects and neurological defects.

Symptoms of Congenital Anomalies

Physical abnormalities

For your information, let us tell you that these can include visible deformities, such as cleft lip or palate, organ abnormalities, heart defects, facial dysmorphism, or abnormal growth.

Organ dysfunction

Some anomalies affect the function of specific organs, causing problems such as respiratory problems, heart palpitations, hearing loss, or kidney dysfunction.

Intellectual or learning disabilities

Congenital anomalies may be associated with intellectual disabilities, learning difficulties, or behavioral challenges.

Many causes can be associated with birth defects, but in many cases, the exact cause of the congenital anomaly may be unknown. Some of the reasons causing birth defects are as follows:

Genetic abnormalities, gene mutations, or chromosomal disorders can contribute significantly to the development of congenital anomalies.

Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain drugs, toxins, chemicals, radiation, and infection during pregnancy.

How to prevent congenital anomalies?

While not all congenital anomalies are preventable, there are steps expectant parents can take to reduce the risk. Some useful measures in this regard are as follows:

Folic acid

Taking folic acid supplementation when a woman is planning a pregnancy

vaccination against rubella

Screening for syphilis before planning a pregnancy or in early pregnancy

Using radiation exposure tests judiciously

Sanitation of food and water to prevent toxoplasmosis etc.

Certain drugs used for fits, HIV, rheumatological conditions, cancer, etc. may be associated with an increased incidence of birth defects. Women with these problems require preconception counseling and modification of medications that are safe during pregnancy.

You consult your specialist for diagnosis as per your needs and medical history.